PERMISSIONS(oh)			     LOCAL		       PERMISSIONS(oh)

permissions - assign and modify file permissions.

TYPES
     Permission types can be an octal number or an symbols.

     Type      | Octal	    | Symbol
     None      | 0	    |
     Execution | 1	    | x
     Write     | 2	    | w
     Read      | 4	    | r
     Permissions can be assigned by adding the octal values or assigning the
     symbols.

   Example
     -	 Write (2) + Read (4) = 6
     -	 w+r

ASSIGNMENT
     When a user creates a file or directory, it's assigned as the owner, and
     its main group is assigned as the owner group.

   Format
     The permissions are displayed with the following format: owner, group
     owner, other groups, all users. Example:
     $ whoami
     user1
     $ groups
     users
     $ ls -l
     -rwxr-xr-- 1 user1 users .... file1
     -	 user1 is the owner and has permissions to read, write and execute.
     -	 The users corresponding to the group users have permissions to read
	 and execute.
     -	 Users from other groups have permissions to read.
     -	 The corresponding octal value is 754.

COMMANDS
   Important
     Users can modify permissions on files if they have write permissions.

   chown
     Modifies the owner of a file or directory.

     Modify user
	    : chown username filename
     Modify user and group
	    : chown username:groupname filename
     To modify recursively, use -R.

   chmod
     Changes the permissions on a file or directory as explained in Sx TYPES.
     To assign (=), add (+) or remove (-) permissions, the who symbols can be
     used for user (u), group (g) or other (o).

     Change | Command
     Octal assignment
	    | chmod 755 file
     Add write permissions for group
	    | chmod g+w file
     Assign read and write permissions to others
	    | chmod o=rw file
     Remove read permission to other groups and users
	    | chmod o-r file
     When using the octal value or assigning using =, the previous permissions
     are overwritten.

   chgrp
	   chgrp -R GROUP DIRECTORY

TODO
     -	 Add sticky bit and execute bit.

SEE ALSO
     user_management(oh)

     - OpenBSD manpages: chmod(1) , chgrp(1) , chown(8)

AUTHORS
     ohazot(oh) | about(oh) | ohazot.com: https://ohazot.com
     <admin@ohazot.com>

OpenBSD 7.8 , linux |
		    Created:2026-03-26|Updated:2026-03-26|     PERMISSIONS(oh)